Dengue in Malaysia Essay -- Health, Diseases

Dengue has now emerged as one of the major public health problems in Malaysia. It was first reported in 1901 in Penang and since then the disease has become endemic concentrating mostly in urban areas. The objectives of this study were to utilize the temporal-spatial model to determine high risk areas for the dengue outbreak. This study examined a total of 25000 confirmed dengue fever cases, geo-coded by address in the city of Subang Jaya between Jan 2006 and December 2009, were included in the study. The results were drawn from a measurement of the three temporal risk characteristics (Frequency, duration and intensity) in order to determine the severity and magnitude of outbreak transmission.The values of the three indices were considered high in a spatial unit when their standard values were positive. Measurement of the three temporal risk indices found that there were areas with significant high value for each of the temporal indices. This suggested that areas within Subang Jaya M unicipality had different temporal characteristics for dengue occurrence. The utilization of three risk measures enabled to identify higher-risk areas for the occurrence of dengue fever, concentrated in the city’s northern region. The correlation coefficient for all the three types of relationship was above 0.7. The value indicated that there was a strong correlation between each temporal risk indices. Even though case notification data are subject to bias, this information is available in the health services and can lead to important conclusions, recommendations and hypotheses. As a recommendation, the temporal risk indices can be utilized by public health officials to characterize dengue rather than relying on the traditional case incidence data. ... ...rrupted cases. This index gives an idea of the persistence of transmission and represents the average duration, in weeks, of epidemic waves that occurred in the given period. †¢ Intensity index (ÃŽ ³), characterized as the mean incidence of cumulative dengue cases occurring in consecutive weeks per epidemic wave that had persisted for more than two week. It can be expressed as: ÃŽ ³ = TI / OE where TI is the incidence rate during the given period and OE is described above. It assesses the severity of transmission, and is based on sequences of weeks with the occurrence of uninterrupted cases. High values mean time-concentrated transmission. The dengue cases were provided by MPSJ where dengue cases were summarized according to the housing area, on a weekly basis. Therefore, this study used a week as a temporal unit for better comparison on different indices.

Inner Beauty Matters Essay

Inner beauty matters How many times do we see ourselves in the mirror and make negative comments about our looks. I’m not pretty or I’m too fat or I’m too overweight. These are few of the phrases that first come to mind in most girls when they look at themselves in the mirror. Well, 90% of teenage girls do not like the way they look or appear. The reason for that is – in our society you get attention from people if you look attractive and stunning. Some girls who are overweight would get negative comments from peers like- ‘That girl is too ugly’ or ‘That girl looks like a bulldozer’. Fat is not something you have, it is something you are. We don’t say â€Å"You have fat,† we say, â€Å"You are fat. † We identify with our bodies. So the teenager gets the message that this fatness is badness. Some of the teenagers who don’t accept the way they look, try to change themselves by dieting which leads to illnesses and diseases like anorexia. Dieting is the practice of ingesting food in a regulated fashion to achieve or maintain a controlled weight. In most cases the goal is weight loss in those who are overweight or obese, but some people these days start dieting because they want to change the way they appear to the society. But what really matters in life? An old proverb states, â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. † Something or someone is beautiful, depending on the perspective of the person looking in. But the major thing that matters is- Is the person good-looking from inside? Because Without a doubt inner beauty lasts forever whereas outer beauty fades. Anyone can fake the outside to make himself or herself look better and pretty but inner beauty can’t be faked. For example you could be the most beautiful person in the world but if you have a horrible personality it just makes you ugly. Your body image is how you perceive, think and feel about your body but this may have no link at all on your actual appearance. For instance, it is common in Western nations for women to believe they are larger and fatter than they really are. Only 16% of women are satisfied with their body weight. Our body shape is already decided before we are born. Each one of us is a unique human being with our own genes from our mum and dad. There is only one person in the world shaped like you. Dieting does not change body shape. The distribution of weight on your body is going to stay the same – so learn to love who you are. Dieting is not effective – dieting changes a person’s metabolism so that they are more likely to lose muscle mass than fat. Instead of dieting to look better and attractive, you can exercise, which is the best and safest way to become healthier. Feeling good about your body as it is helps you to maintain a positive outlook in other areas of your life.

Unemployment in Peru An economic concern - 1207 Words

Unemployment in Peru: an Economic Concern AIU Online Abstract The Peruvian unemployment rate has started to decline in the past few years. The lowered unemployment rate connects to Peru’s economy and means it is on the mend. There are several relationships between the lowered unemployment rate and the economy that will be described. The data on this occurrence has a trend that shows it will continue to decrease. This will mean the economy will continue to improve. The future looks relatively bright for Peruvian people because with more people employed, the economy can make more money. Unemployment in Peru: an Economic Concern Economic concerns are important to monitor especially†¦show more content†¦The data trend for this economic concern and how it affects the economy suggests that economy will continue to improve. As seen below in Chart 1, the trend shows that the unemployment rate has been decreasing for a decade and should continue to decrease unless something unforeseen happens. It shows although with several spikes that the data if following the averages is decreasing slowly (â€Å"Peru Unemployment Rate,† n.d.). This means that the economy will also continue to improve for Peru. This is portrayed in correlation to the increased GDP in chart 2. This trend also shows that in the last decade, the GDP has been rising steadily, which means overall that the economy is increasing (â€Å"Peru GDP,† n.d.). The data for GDP and unemployment is connected because as the unemployment rate went down the GDP went up, which only makes sense because with more people working more can be produced. These are both also correlated to monitoring the status of an economy. Both graphs show that between 2003 and 2013, the economy in Peru was improving, and it appears that it will continue to do so. Chart 3 shows the Year-on-year inflation by percentage (â€Å"Economic Outlook,† 2013). This shows that the inflation rates have started to come into the target range for inflation in the past year as well. Inflation is the steadyShow MoreRelatedI.P. Wk1 Econ Essays840 Words   |  4 PagesAs an employee of the World Bank, you have been asked to research 1 economic concern in a South American country and write a report on your findings. Select a South American country to research. Select one of the following economic concerns to research: Quantities of specific goods and services Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Unemployment Inflation Research data sets for the 1 economic concern within the South American country that you have chosen. In a 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"4 page report, answer theRead MoreLinda Seligmann s Peruvian Street Lives : Culture, Power And Economy Among Market Women Of Cuzco1628 Words   |  7 PagesSeligmann’s novel is a cultural study of the lives and struggles faced by women vendors within the open air market of the Andean highlands of Cuzco. Seligmann has dedicated twenty years to studying markets throughout Peru. Peruvian Street Lives argues that the sometimes invisible and informal economic, social, and political networks market women establish, although they may appear disorderly and chaotic, in fact often keep dysfunctional economies and corrupt bureaucracies from utterly destroying the abilityRead MoreThe Hardships Hitting Least Developed Countries1627 Words   |  6 Pagesare not economically stable, their development process is very slow and are known to be very poverty stricken. These LDCs standard of living is very poor thus they are exposed to many economic and social problems. A clear description of least developed countries would be low economic growth, huge problem in unemployment, institution capacity is very vulnerable, poverty stricken, and have poor infustructure, inadequate education, climate implications, lower income as well as per capita income. LCDs haveRead MoreThe European Union And The Trade Agreements Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesone of the most famous Economic blocs in our recent times. It is the culmination of efforts after the devastating Second World War. It currently includes 28 states with varied cultural and historical backgrounds and even different languages. It now has more than 30 separate international trade agreements with many countries such as Colombia and South Korea (Encyclopedia of Management). The EU and the trade agreements entered into by member countries are examples of economic integration and cooperationRead MoreIntroduction. The Idea Of Fairtrade Emerged In The Late812 Words   |  4 Pagesdepreciation of the economic value of agricultural products. In this case, the marginal revenue of the crops will keep decreasing in the long run, but Fairtrade keep offering supports to incentive growers remain in and enlarge the agricultural production. If the selling price can no longer cover the cost, the industry will then start to lose money and even collapse. This will then lead to the unemployment problem. Consequently, producers and workers cannot beneficial from Fairtrade. â€Æ' Economic StabilityRead MoreLeast Depeloping Countries943 Words   |  4 Pagescountries are the countries which are poor in agricultural that are seeking to become more advanced economically and socially. Most of the countries are developing, less developed or Third World countries. However, the big difference in wealth and economic development amongst Third countries, the concluding are typically characterised by a low average per capita income, high external debt (to foreign banks and states in respect of loans acquired), a strong dependance on agriculture and other primaryRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp ) Is A Multilateral Free Trade Agreement Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a multilateral free trade agreement that aims to facilitate economic integration among its twelve member states. Scholars Capling and Ravenhill describe the agreement as â€Å"transregional† since it unites various states from five distinct regions: O ceania, North America, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. After eight years of negotiations, the TPP was signed on February 4, 2016 but has yet to be ratified and implemented by its signatories. BesidesRead MoreEconomic Growth of the Coca-Cola Company1040 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic growth rate of the country was an 8.9% decline. Despite the drop, Coca-Cola fared better than the overall economy. From 2009 to 2010, sales rebounded with a growth rate of 13.32%. This was much higher than the economic growth rate in the U.S. of 3.8%. The year from 2010 to 2011 was exceptional with a 32.53% growth rate. The United States economic growth rate was 2.3% by comparison. The growth can be largely attributed to the launch of new products in overseas markets. In Peru, Coca-ColaRead MoreFree Trade Is A Policy1660 Words   |  7 Pagesis a policy followed by some international markets in which countries governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries. Free trade is exemplified by the European Economic Area and the North American Free Trade Agreement, which have established open markets. Free trade is an economic policy under which the government does not interfere with trade. No tariffs are applied to imports or exports, and people are allowed to trade goods and services as they please. Supply andRead MoreThe Impact Of Latin American Culture On Latin America1656 Words   |  7 Pagespopulations of Colombia following the 1989 assassination of presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galan. Campaigns to fight illicit drug trade have arouse in Latin American countries such as Colombia and Mexico. The urge for drug control arose from concern among industrialized nations such as the United States. Public awareness became greater with drug control policies as a result of the U.S foreign policy, designed to slow the production of marijuana and other drugs from Latin America into the United

New Venture and Strategic Thinking - 1628 Words

INTRODUCTION â€Å"A new venture is a company established to commercialize the technology or innovation that was created†(http://www.ipadvocate.org/assistance/terms/index.cfm#N, 2012). In this is case, six individuals created a vibrant group that worked together as an entrepreneur and focused on the formation and the success of the new organization named, ‘RR Financials’. The computer software business started with a bank balance of  £10000. It endured a rough start but eventually started making sufficient sales and profits. At the end of the first year, it made a net profit of ( £382) with a bank balance of  £7,607. In the last month of the second year the business obtained a net profit of ( £662) but a greater bank balance of  £19,373. We also†¦show more content†¦In May 2014 we went bankrupt with a closing balance of ( £4,764) which went down to ( £14,355) in June 2014. We then applied for a loan from friends and family and received  £3,000 at an interest rate of 6%. We changed our supplier to source line as we thought it would benefit us better with its terms. We also had to contract out a few of the products for a few months and therefore decided to go full-time with the help of our loan and first relocated to a 250sq.ft Business center costing us  £313 per month. Then by increasing the entrepreneur’s salary to 1000 we went fulltime in October 2014. By then our bank balance had bounced back up because of the increase in sales from the different distributers and we ended the year with a net profit of ( £662) and a closing bank balance of  £19,373. YEAR THREE Our business ran extremely well this year as we realized previous errors and tried to correct them. We first changed our credit control strategies and reinforced action to be taken. Then we accepted another distributer contract with ‘Rad’, which provided us with almost double the amount of orders. We increased the entrepreneur’s salary for better satisfaction. We realized the importance of obtaining finance. Till now we were relying on personal Finance so now we decided to start looking for investors and succeeded in finding one. With more money flowing into the business we decided to spread further awareness and weShow MoreRelatedEntrepreneurial Skills and the Entrepreneurial Instinct 1387 Words   |  6 Pagesattempts to define those characteristics and skills that enable entrepreneurs to realise the business potential in their ideas. In addition it explores the difficulties entrepreneurs may come up against along the way towards having a successful business ve nture. Meredith et al. (1991) describes an entrepreneur as someone who has the ability to see and evaluate business opportunities, gather resources to take advantage of them and undertake the necessary actions to ensure success. When reviewing literatureRead MoreChris Hardwick, King Of The Nerds969 Words   |  4 PagesThe line between television and the Internet seems to be growing more and more blurred as networks and producers learn to adapt to using online media to grow and capture new audiences. A recent article, â€Å"Chris Hardwick, King of the Nerds Is Expanding His Empire† by Lorne Manly in the New York Times features a profile of entertainer Chris Hardwick, who is described as the â€Å"model of an entertainment brand for a multiscreen generation† (Manly, par. 5). As a fan of both Chris Hardwick and of geek cultureRead MoreStarbucks : The Leading Coffee House1111 Words   |  5 Pagesjust one strategic alliance, I am going to focus on two of Starbucks’ most successful partnerships. As the leading coffee house in the world with over 21,000 stores in over 65 countries, Starbucks has become an integral part of our lives. 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In such environments, business can contribute tangiblyRead MoreInformation Technology Strategic Pl An Organization Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesInformation Technology Strategic Plan An information technology (IT) strategic plan incorporates all components in an organization relevant to the administration of technology including cost, human capital, management, hardware and software management, vendor management, risk management and all other considerations in the enterprise IT environment. This comprehensive roadmap is used by IT professionals and leaders as a directive for setting an organization’s future technology objectives. (TechTargetRead MoreEssay about GEs joint venture case1456 Words   |  6 PagesElectric’s Joint Ventures General Electric (GE) formerly entered a foreign market by either acquiring an established firm or establishing a greenfield subsidiary (which is a wholly owned from ground up turnkey project). Joint ventures with a local company were almost never considered. The prevailing philosophy was that without full control, the company didn’t do the deal. However, times have changed. Since the early 2000s joint ventures have become one of the most powerful strategic tools in GE’sRead MoreEntrepreneurship Is The Process Of Discovering New Ways Of Combining Resources1035 Words   |  5 PagesEntrepreneurship is the process of discovering new ways of combining resources. To start a business offering a product, process or service, various entrepreneurial skills and business models are required for smooth functioning, but the most important aspect it to have an entrepreneurial mindset. This is drawn from opportunities, innovation and new value creation. Entrepreneurship is a practic e of learning and exploring the world by being visionary, opportunistic and creative. Entrepreneurial Mindset

No Child Left Behind Thesis Essay - 8348 Words

No Child Left Behind 1 Running head: NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND The Impact of the No Child Left Behind Act on the K-8 Setting Kara Robertson A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Fall 2009 No Child Left Behind 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Shantà © Moore-Austin, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Janice DeLong, M.Ed. Committee Member ______________________________ Connie McDonald, Ph.D. Committee Member†¦show more content†¦In her article â€Å"Time to Kill ‘No Child Left Behind’,† Diane Ravitch (2009) explains the consequences if the NCLB requirements are not met: Schools that do not make progress toward the goal of 100% proficiency for every group are subject to increasingly, stringent sanctions. In their second year of failing to make â€Å"adequate yearly progress† for any group, failing schools have their students given the choice of leaving to enroll in a better public school. In the third year of a school’s failure, students are entitled to free tutoring after school. In the subsequent years, the failing school may be converted to private management, turned into a charter school, have its entire staff dismissed, or be handed over to the state. (p. 5) The federal government is not taking NCLB lightly. It is serious about each of these consequences and is ready to bring them upon any school that does not make adequate yearly progress. With the increased efforts being made to meet AYP, educators are feeling the pressure and they are becoming very stressed about their jobs. An article by Alvin Granowsky (2008), explains that â€Å"schools that have low scores and/or do not show needed improvements in test results, receive negative labels, such as unacceptable, and their teachers and administrators threatened with loss of jobs† (p. 1). Unfortunately, this No Child Left Behind 6 causes teachers to be afraid that if their schoolsShow MoreRelatedArgumentive Outline Essay650 Words   |  3 PagesArgumentative Essay Outline Thesis: President Obama is trying to convince the United States that was a whole we set each other apart as a nation. He tries to point out different issues in American and explains new ideas to make the United States better as a strong government. A. Supporting Argument: President Obama addresses the tragedy in Tucson by saying because of this tragedy it made the country focus less on the public debate and reminded us how important we as a whole are and not soRead MoreYour Death Would Be Mine Written By Martha Hanna Tells1275 Words   |  6 Pageson the home front working the land and pregnant with the couples first child, who was born through a difficult childbirth. The Pireaud’s were two peasants from rural France in the Dordogne region. Hanna uses over two thousand correspondences between Marie and Paul to illustrate what life was like. Marie and Paul’s letters covered a wide variety of topics such as: intimate conversations, farming, France’s wartime economy, child rearing, the military, and Paul’s experiences on the battlefield. The correspondencesRead MoreThe Ramifications of Government Reform on Education Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pageseducation in America. However, government acts like No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and Common Core curriculums have been put into effect in order to reverse America’s position. They are best understood as tools to bridge the achievement gap regardless of what a child may look like, sound like, or what part of the nation they come from. These programs are designed to help all children excel in school no matter what. Even though the No Child Left Behind Act significantly increased the average performanceRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1656 Words   |  7 Pagesclose the gaps that past research left open and promote awareness to the disorder. The question that will be addressed in my literature review is if Behavioral Therapies are an effective alternative treatment for ADHD children, with self-control issues, to help lower aggressive symptoms. This literature review will show evidence that backs up the assumption that Behavior Therapy is a good alternate treatment for ADHD children, will review some of the limi tations behind this assumption and provide informationRead MoreAnalysis Of No Child Left Behind1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was to be President George W. Bush’s signature legislation coming into Office. After being delayed by the 9/11 Terror attacks, the act received wide bipartisan support and was passed into law. Its purpose was to â€Å"close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child (was) left behind† (One Hundred Seventh Congress of the United States of America 2008). 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Bush’s first term in office, United States Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, released an essay depicting the successes of his administration. Paige’s department spearheaded the initiative sparked by the No Child Left Behind Act, a set of policies enacted to reform education and provide students with an improved degree of learning more suited to the evolving job market. Paige brings light to the findings of his administration, presenting what he considers to be evidenceRead MoreInformative Speech : Mexico : The World Below Us1512 Words   |  7 Pageshas faced a very bloody and violent history that has been known around the world. As a result, their society is somewhat different from anything that has been seen before and is in itself unique compared to societies such as the United States II. Thesis Statement: Mexico is an interesting country, with many different and people and customs, as well as major problems. III. Credibility Step: Needs two parts 1. What personally connects you to this topic? – I took four years of Spanish in high school

Initiation Essay Example For Students

Initiation Essay Initiation Essay?An initiation story may be said to show its young protagonist experiencing a significant change of knowledge about the world or himself and this change must point or lead him toward an adult world?. In this essay I will be characterizing and evaluating each of the major protagonist in the following short stories. The first is Sammy of the famous short story ?AP?. The second protagonist is Mama from the sad ?Everyday Use?. Finally Jackie the crazy kid from ?First Confession? is my last protagonist. Sammy is a 19-year-old teenager who is from a small town near the ocean. He works at a grocery store as a cashier and three young ladies walk in wearing bathing suits and nothing else but their pride. He could not remember his name to save his life, let alone check ones groceries correctly. His emotions are on high and he is checking out the ladies left and right just like a teenager would and he stares not caring how it makes the women feel. He passes judgment on how the l ook and act during the whole time they are shopping; yet he has never met them. Keep in mind all of this is going on in his head for no one else can hear. Then he spots the store manager out of the corner of his eye and he turns sour because he knows he will do his best to kick the ladies out and ruin his fun. The store manager makes a big ordeal out of the situation and embarrasses them in front of the whole store. That very instant he knows the manager was wrong and does the righteous thing and quits. Sammy tells off his boss and walks out hopping maybe the women are still waiting on him. ?Mama? is about forty or fifty and a mother of two Dee and Maggie. Mama is ?in real life I am a large, big-boned women with rough, man-working hands?. She loves Dee when she was a child the most and was considered her favorite. She loves Maggie too but Dee was the smart one so with some help from the church they raised some money to send her to college. Maggie stayed with mama and learned her way of life. Dee came home with a boy friend and tells mama that her name is no longer Dee. Mama takes this as an insult and gets up set thinks she is trying to forget her heritage. Dee, as if that isnt enough she starts to ask for antiques not because of the memories but because they were in style. Mama at this point was very angry but she handles the situation very well by not getting violent. She grabs Maggie kisses her and realizes how special she is. Jackies grandfather died and his grandmother has to live with them now. She is a big old country women drinks like a fish and walks in bare feet, he hates her. He has a sister that torments him all day long; I dont blame him for getting violent with a butter knife. He thinks the whole world is out to get him. Ryan an old lady they pass on the street prepares him for his first confession. The only thing she ever talks about is hell, people burning furniture with their hands and putting one finger over a flame for five minutes. He goes to his confession not with his mom but with his evil sister. When he gets into the confessional both he does not know where to look so he starts to climb until someone answers. The father answer and is upset because he climbing around. Jackie adjusts and falls into the aisle and gets embarrassed. He ends up confessing all and finds out that this guy is the most interesting person he has meet and the experience wasnt as painful as everyone made it out to be. .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .postImageUrl , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:hover , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:visited , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:active { border:0!important; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:active , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reflection Statement EssayIn conclusion, each one of the protagonists had some from of transformation in their life. For Sammy it was the manager embarrassing the women, mama it was Dees desirer to forget her past and Jackies was his first confession. Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. George Orwell

Information Security Management Wireless Communication

Question: Discuss about the Information Security ManagementforWireless Communication. Answer: Introduction This study discusses the implementation of wireless communication policy at 3F or Farmers to Farmers, a cooperative crop society for Queenslands farmers, and some assumptions are made to facilitate the study further. The responsibility of the communication network will be borne by 3F for providing a reliable and secure service. ITS or Information Technology Services will be responsible for providing services within the scope of this policy. An overseeing committee needs to be formed who will oversee both ITS and 3F and maintain their policies and rules under a standard set of frameworks and goals. Few Assumptions made are: ITS team will specify the hardware, software and networking configuration that needs to be done. Senior and experienced IT members of 3F will collaborate with ITS team for administration and system management. Overseeing committee will have members from both ITS and 3F and will be overseeing policy framework, regulations and making major decisions. For security and encryption, one or more than one VPN method will be adopted Policies and guidelines framed around the system and can be changed by the situation. 3F and related subdivisions of it will follow the corresponding instructions. Statement of Purpose The goal of this study is to develop a framework policy and assigning responsibilities for implementing Wireless Communications Policies to support both administrative and agricultural applications for use in 3F. This policy will underline the administration, support system and deployment of wireless technologies at 3F. It addresses the authorized and prohibited usage of wireless communication system, managing systems, rules regarding violation of policies, required policy modification and review, limitations in the case of liability, and justifications given for the system (Bowker, 2012). Guidelines and Policies are Essential for Deployment of this System to: Prevent unauthorized usage of the wireless spectrum and interference with other wireless networks (Bernard et al., 2015). Securing the wireless network system To make sure that a baseline level of connection quality is maintained on the system for users remote and local (Dhawan et al., 2012). Authorized Uses Frequencies 3F is the sole owner of the unlicensed frequencies on Queensland's farmer homes, to safeguard the resources, ensure quality service and to prevent interference. Security - To maintain integrity and security of the network, it would require proper authorization, so only authorized users and devices can access the network. Wireless devices that will be used in this network needs to maintain specific standards to ensure only authorized devices access the network and the organizations resources, and intrusion can build within. Devices need to be checked monthly for any setup or configuration problems (Kuchibhotla, Braun, and Raghavan, 2012). Experienced members of the ITS team and 3F team can collaborate on the administration part and can make suggest changes to the system if and when necessary. Prohibited Uses The policy needs to state clearly that any employees or personnel involved with 3F must not divulge any confidential information like username or passwords to unauthorized persons. As stated by Ward (2013), the company must define rules that would prevent the users involved indulging in unauthorized practices like, using the wireless communication for making personal calls or sending obscene or harassing messages or email. Physical theft, system modification, or damage to any types of equipment or facilities must be avoided at any cost or else will be reported to the police. Individuals should stay away from any testing, finding bugs or exploiting the system of any kind that can circumvent or degrade the overall security and integrity of the system (Monte, 2015). Loud behavior or any entertainment taking precedence over the work is also prohibited. All official messaging and communications need to be done and not outside the system; contacting clients through personal communication m eans is a strict no. Creating secondary networks using routers, bridges, and wireless access points without authorization is prohibited. Plugging external storage media like external hard disks, pen drives, tampering data packets, using redundant data is also forbidden (Pfleeger, 2012). Users operating the system will be solely responsible for maintaining and operating the system. Systems Management One of the primary goals of 3F is to communicate securely with farmers and clients and a proper system needs to be in place. Cryptographic encryption also called hard security enables data integrity, data confidentiality, node authentication and access control for messages that are transmitted. Currently, Trust and Reputation Management or TRM is used to counter soft security threats and can be used in the system for routing related problems (Mishra, Singh, and Gupta, 2015). Communication links need to be secure but wireless network can be different and end-to-end protection depends on the user. Therefore link encryption is not always reliable (Raza, Wallgren and Voigt, 2013). Some options exist to secure wireless communication, which is independent of access method or device type. They are: Ssl Vpns As opined by Goodwin III, Jain and Natarajan (2013), e-commerce transactions use SSL for secure transactions between servers and web browsers. The same protocol is followed by SSL VPN gateways. Any device can adopt this method which supports a web-browser. SSL VPNs secure wireless network communication devices including PDAs, desktops and laptops, and smart phones including Blackberry. Both ITS and 3F team can use this VPN method or between stationary devices (Agarwal, Thakur and Gavini, 2014). Mobile Vpns As stated by Alshalan, Pisharody and Huang (2016), Mobile VPNs solves the problem of roaming while doing inter-networking. It employs some proprietary protocols Mobile IP to UDP. It provides secured tunnel encryption for the mobile data and is independent of location and connectivity. It even sends messages outside the wireless coverage and the message is kept asleep until it is sent again. This is especially for often switching between 3G/4G connections without any disruption. It requires supported operating system and a client software installed. Farmers who are working in farms, remote client, who are connected to the 3F network can use this VPN method (Eichen et al., 2016) Ipsec Vpns According to Lakbabi, Orhanou and El Hajji (2012), it is a more common secured method of tunneling encrypted traffic between a corporate VPN network gateway and a mobile device. Most enterprises have at least an embedded IPsec VPN client and most laptops and smartphones have it built-within too. It is, however, expensive for an organization with a large workforce using a variety of devices. It can be disruptive if mobiles devices change networks frequently and are therefore used frequently in IT services where devices are stationary. 3F can employ this to lower costs for operating within the system (Wang, Liang and Yu, 2013). Violations of Policy As stated by Nurse et al. (2015), with the increased usage of smartphones, tablets, and other computing devices, wireless communication is essential than ever before. It has also opened the door to various online threats and privacy issues which lead to stricter policies and violations of them would result in severe consequences. ITS team will verify compliance to the different policies via various methods like, video monitoring, external and internal audits; providing feedback to the policy owner, business tool reports, and periodic walkthroughs. ITS will check in case of any exceptions. In case the termination is due to performance the employee is typically given a 90 days service period notice (Harcourt, Hannay and Lam, 2013). If any employee violates any of this policy, the person can be subjected to disciplinary action, including termination of duty. It must be noted though that all staff are made aware of company policies beforehand and are best when they are conveyed through a handbook or in training (Getz and Page, 2016). The disciplinary action can vary depending on the rules violation. Firing without notice can be done to an employee who is guilty of embezzlement, and during the investigation, the person can be suspended. The company must cut off any access to company resources for the employer especially if the information is sensitive. For incidents like stealing or lying to a customer, instead of immediate firing the company can investigate the situation and the company can either bring a layer or cover up the damage (Blake, 2013). Policy Review and Modification The purpose of this policy is to protect and secure the information assets owned by 3F, as it provides the computer networks, devices and other electronic information systems to meet initiatives, missions and goals. Overseeing Committee, 3F, and ITS have full privilege to the resources and needs to maintain them responsibly with integrity, confidentiality, and availability of given information assets. Only those wireless devices that meet the specified standards are eligible to operate on the 3F network and devices with exceptions set by the ITS team will be allowed in the system. All employees, faculty, temporary workers, consultants and other workers at 3F, including all personnel affiliated with third parties working on behalf of 3F to maintain the wireless infrastructure system falls under the adherence of this policy. This policy is also applicable to other wireless infrastructure devices including smart and cellular phones, laptops, desktops and tablets, any devices that receiv e connectivity on endpoint devices, sending or receiving data wirelessly (Castro, Pistoia and Ponzo, 2014). All wireless devices connected to the 3F network will have access to confidential data stored on this network and must abide by the standards specified by the Wireless Communication Standard. ITS team will install, support and maintain the devices. The devices will follow the 3F approved authentication infrastructure and protocol. The devices need to have a MAC address or hardware address which needs to be registered for tracking (Leake and Pike, 2014). There must not be any interference with wireless access deployments maintained by other support organizations. Limitations of Liability The overseeing committee will be responsible for creating, maintaining and updating wireless communication network security policies and wireless communications policy standards (Roy and Manoj, 2016). Other responsibilities include recruiting new designee for a particular technology and resolving communication issues in case of any political troubles. ITS will handle all access points and wireless network registrations. Surveying and deploying wireless communication systems in agricultural lands and adjacent farmer houses. It will provide support to the employees of 3F for management, development, and development of wireless communication networks. To prevent unauthorized access to this network, it will monitor security and performance of the wireless networks installed in various places and maintaining statistics of the system (Butun, Morgera and Sankar, 2014). Other tasks include wireless network technology enhancement evaluation, wireless network technologies incorporation and development. It will also share some common tasks with overseeing committee and of 3F. 3F will be tasked with maintaining a database of user details using the network. It would include name, contact number, email id, device and device id, planned placement and coverage areas, among others. It will also undertake registration of software, access point hardware, software, and deployment. The data will be provided to the overseeing committee and ITS. By its policy proper, it will manage access points and security within the department. Justification Hacking is commonplace now in online business, and everything is going digital, but it has only led to more strict measures and safety policies to be followed at workplaces. Working with 3F, the farmers have already created a revolution of sorts where they gain access to data in real-time but remote communication posed a problem. Digital Wireless Communication solves this issue with its use of various VPNs each with its own merits and demerits. Mobile VPNs can be adopted by the firm for remote mobile connection without being disturbed by the unreliable nature and types of networks. IPsec is more commonplace and can be used for connecting with clients or customers. SSL VPN can be employed within the 3F network for its IT team to work and operate. With the variety of wireless devices and growing business, intrusion and sniffing attacks can take place which can compromise data security and data corruption, and violation of privacy with clients. It is for this reason different policies a re enforced with separate mention of prohibitory and authorized uses. Users violating the policies will face disciplinary action including termination of their service or face jail in case of severe crime. References Agarwal, P., Thakur, R.N. and Gavini, A.K., Citrix Systems, Inc., 2014.Policy driven fine grain URL encoding mechanism for SSL VPN clientless access. U.S. Patent 8,646,067. Alshalan, A., Pisharody, S. and Huang, D., 2016. A Survey of Mobile VPN Technologies.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,18(2), pp.1177-1196. Bernard, J.Y., Hart, G.M. and O'leary, E.A., Rogers Communications Inc., 2015.Detection of cable network interference on wireless network. U.S. Patent 9,167,460. 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